Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder affecting around 3 out of every 10 Australians [1] and is thought to affect 67% more women than men internationally [2].

While IBS is not life-threatening it can be a day-to-day battle for many Australians who suffer from the condition.

IBS is a complex condition. While often linked to factors like gut sensitivity and stress, recent research suggests it's influenced by a mix of elements. These include the immune system, how easily things pass through the gut lining, hormones, and the balance of gut bacteria [3].

IBS Isn't One Size Fits All

Though often grouped together, there are different types of IBS, each with its own set of symptoms. Understanding these differences is key to finding the best way to effectively manage your IBS and create personalised treatment plans.

IBS with Predominant Constipation (IBS-C)

Those who have IBS-C will often experience infrequent and often painful bowel movements. While the exact cause of IBS-C remains unclear, Australian research has indicated that dietary factors, such as low fibre intake, may contribute to IBS-C [4].

There’s also evidence that a low FODMAP diet - a diet that restricts certain types of carbohydrates - can reduce the bloating, gas, and pain that are part of IBS-C [4].

Additionally, psychological stress, anxiety, and certain medications can worsen constipation and discomfort. It's important to note that while these factors are often associated with IBS-C, the condition itself is complex and may involve a combination of influences.

IBS with Predominant Diarrhoea (IBS-D)

People with IBS-D often experience frequent, loose stools and may feel an urgent need to rush to the bathroom. Alongside these symptoms, you might also deal with stomach cramps or pain.

For Australians experiencing IBS-D figuring out what sets off your IBS can be a real puzzle.

Identifying food triggers such as lactose or gluten may be beneficial and crucial for managing symptoms. Stress management techniques and dietary adjustments, including the potential benefits of probiotics, are often recommended as part of a comprehensive management plan.

Mixed IBS (IBS-M)

Dealing with IBS-M can be a rollercoaster of emotions. One day you're constipated, the next you're experiencing diarrhoea. It's frustrating to deal with both ends of the spectrum. The unpredictable nature of IBS-M can make symptom management particularly challenging.

Along with this, you might also experience abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort alongside these inconsistent bowel movements. Figuring out what triggers these ups and downs can be tricky, but it's definitely worth trying.

To effectively manage IBS-M, a personalised approach is often necessary, as triggers and patterns vary widely between individuals. Keeping a detailed bowel diary can be invaluable in identifying potential triggers like certain foods, stress, or hormonal changes that might be affecting your gut.

Post-Infectious IBS (PI-IBS)

PI-IBS occurs when IBS symptoms develop after a bout of gastroenteritis or food poisoning. It's as if your gut never quite recovers from the initial infection. While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, it's believed that the infection triggers changes in the gut that lead to ongoing IBS-like symptoms.

People with PI-IBS often experience a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits (either diarrhoea or constipation), and a feeling of incomplete emptying after bowel movements.

Understanding Overlapping Symptoms

IBS can be tricky to pin down. Symptoms often overlap, making it hard to say exactly what type you have. While the IBS subtypes provide a framework for understanding the disorder, many individuals experience a combination of symptoms.

This can make diagnosis and management challenging, emphasising the importance of working closely with a healthcare professional to develop a personalised treatment plan.

Empowering Yourself to Manage IBS

IBS is a complex condition that affects a significant portion of the Australian population. While there is no cure, understanding the different forms of IBS can empower individuals to manage their symptoms effectively. A combination of dietary adjustments, stress management, and medication may be necessary for optimal management.

While this article provides general information, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.

Support for People with IBS in Australia

Living with IBS can be challenging, but you're not alone. Here are some online resources available to offer information and support for people with IBS:

• National Continence Helpline
  Contact the National Continence Helpline on 1800 33 00 66 for free, confidential advice.

• Crohns and Colitis Support Groups
  
  
• IBS Patient Support Group